Personality change is scientifically possible through dedicated effort and therapeutic support, with research showing that traits like conscientiousness and neuroticism are most malleable during young adulthood, while other characteristics can continue developing through professional intervention and intentional practice well into your 60s.
Ever felt stuck with certain personality traits you wish you could change? The latest research on personality change brings unexpected hope: your core traits aren't set in stone. In fact, science now shows that meaningful personal growth is more achievable than previously thought—and therapy can help guide the way.
Can You Change Your Personality?
Many individuals feel content with their personality, while others may wish to modify certain traits they perceive as limiting or enhance characteristics they believe would be beneficial. People seek personality changes for various reasons—improving relationships, advancing professionally, or simply feeling more at peace with themselves.
Historically, personality was often viewed as a fixed temperament, particularly after early adulthood. However, contemporary research suggests a more nuanced perspective. To understand whether personality change is possible, we should first explore what personality actually means.
What is personality?
Personality encompasses the distinctive patterns of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that define an individual and shape their interactions with their environment. Numerous theories attempt to explain personality structure and development. One widely recognized framework is the Five Factor Model, commonly known as the “Big Five.” This model measures personality across five fundamental traits:
Extraversion
People scoring high in extraversion typically navigate social situations with ease, value connections with others, and build friendships readily. They gain energy from social interactions and often excel in team environments or roles requiring public engagement. Conversely, those scoring lower (introverts) may prefer solitude and find social gatherings draining, potentially thriving in work that allows for independent thought or one-on-one interactions.
Agreeableness
Highly agreeable individuals are generally perceived as trustworthy, kind, and attentive to others’ needs. They demonstrate emotional stability and regulation while working effectively in collaborative settings. They often prioritize helping loved ones and colleagues. Those scoring low in agreeableness might appear unempathetic or self-centered, potentially struggling to maintain healthy relationships due to focusing primarily on their own interests.
Conscientiousness
Conscientious individuals tend to be disciplined, detail-oriented, and forward-thinking. They typically maintain organized living spaces, adhere to schedules, and follow through on commitments. Those scoring low in this trait may struggle with procrastination, meeting deadlines, or maintaining beneficial routines. These challenges can impact their academic performance, professional development, and interpersonal relationships.
Openness
People high in openness often display creativity, curiosity, and interest in diverse subjects. They tend toward spontaneity and abstract thinking, enjoying new experiences like travel or creative pursuits. Individuals scoring lower might resist novelty and change, preferring familiar routines and environments, which could limit their personal growth opportunities.
Neuroticism
Those scoring high in neuroticism may struggle with emotional regulation, becoming easily irritated or distressed. They might be more vulnerable to anxiety, depression, or substance use issues, and may find it difficult to manage everyday stressors effectively. Conversely, individuals scoring lower typically demonstrate resilience under pressure, emotional stability, and a more even-tempered disposition, contributing to their overall well-being.
Other personality theories
While the Big Five model is widely recognized, it represents just one theoretical framework. Other significant perspectives include:
- Psychodynamic theory (the Id, Ego, and Superego)
- Self-actualization (Carl Rogers)
- The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
- The Enneagram theory
- Attachment theory by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth
These various approaches highlight personality’s complexity, and some individuals may find certain theories more relevant to their self-understanding than others.
Can you change your personality?
Research suggests that personality change is indeed possible, though not necessarily easy. A 2019 study challenged the long-held assumption that personality traits remain functionally unaltered throughout adulthood. The researchers found that personality traits can shift when individuals are within specific age ranges and commit significant effort to the process.
The optimal timing for trait modification varies. For instance, working on conscientiousness or neuroticism may be most effective during young adulthood. These changes typically occur more readily when a person is emotionally stable and believes in the possibility of change.